IPPR, the Trades Union Congress and Child Poverty Action Group are together calling on the government to increase child benefit by £20 per week per child, remove the two-child limit on universal credit and legacy benefits, and end the total family benefit cap.

The three organisations say the increase is needed in addition to uprating benefits in line with inflation, to begin reversing the family poverty crisis that has afflicted children across the UK.

Taken together the three measures would lift 900,000 children across the UK from poverty. In Scotland, this includes 40,000 children and a further 10,000 adults. This means 1.2 million fewer in poverty than at present across the UK, according to a joint report published today.

Raising child benefit would have the added advantage of helping millions of middle-income families who are increasingly squeezed, the report adds.

After a decade of austerity, the number of children growing up in poverty has soared and hardship this winter will be compounded by high inflation, especially in food and energy prices. Due to the benefit cap, even if benefits were uprated by inflation an estimated 130,000 households across the UK would not receive a penny more.

The report points out that families with children will face proportionately higher costs for food and heating over coming months – with financial pressures comparable to those during the pandemic, but without the £20 a week uplift in universal credit introduced at that time, which was later withdrawn by the government.

IPPR argues that there is significantly more ‘fiscal space’ than the government has so far allowed, without fuelling inflation, and that additional taxes could further enlarge this, making it possible to broaden the household support package without cutting public services and driving growth even lower (see Note 4 on fiscal space below).

The joint IPPR report with the TUC and CPAG argues that the two-child limit on universal credit is now the single greatest driver of child poverty, and says that abolishing this and the benefit cap would be highly progressive and targeted on those with the lowest household incomes.

Combining this with an increase in child benefit, which is paid universally but clawed back from the highest earners, would provide a lifeline to more families with children - including many on middle incomes who will also face hardship this winter, the report says. Researchers found that:

• Increasing child benefit by £20 per week per child would reduce child poverty across the UK by 500,000, lifting a total of 700,000 people overall from poverty, at a cost of £9.9 billion.
• Removing the two-child limit on universal credit and legacy benefits and ending the benefit cap would reduce child poverty across the UK by 300,000, lifting a total of 500,000 people overall from poverty, at a cost of £2.7bn.
• Combining all three reforms would reduce child poverty across the UK by 900,000 and lift a total of 1.2 million people from poverty, at a cost of £12.9bn.

Rachel Statham, IPPR associate director for work and the welfare state, said: “The UK government faces a choice between inflicting a winter of deepening hardship on the UK, or offering a winter lifeline - investing in the economic security and wellbeing of families who are fraught with worry about the months ahead.

“Even with normal benefit uprating confirmed, we can expect to see ever-longer queues at foodbanks and more families falling into debt and arrears this winter as rising living costs pull families on low and middle incomes into financial distress. This package of reforms would offer a lifeline to millions – including 40,000 children in Scotland - and deliver a long-term return on investing in children’s futures.

“Just this week in Scotland, we have seen the expansion of the Scottish Child Payment, which has been rolled out to under-16s and increased to £25 per week. The Scottish government are charting a different course to the rest of the UK, by taking this direct action to tackle child poverty, but the UK government must act more swiftly.”

Kate Bell, head of economics at the TUC, added: “Child poverty is a political choice. The government can watch from the sidelines as foodbanks run out of supplies and kids go hungry. Or it can step in and act. If we don’t strengthen social security now millions of families will remain locked in hardship and suffer a miserable winter. With living costs soaring – ministers have no excuse for not acting. No child in this country should be consigned to living below the breadline. This is about investing in children’s future.”

Alison Garnham, chief executive of Child Poverty Action Group, commented: “Children are already going hungry as costs soar, winter approaches and hardship intensifies. With families at breaking point and nothing to fall back on, there is no excuse for taking no action to reform social security. Unless families actually have enough money to live on, the price to be paid is more children with compromised health and stunted life chances.

“That’s a recipe for disaster for a future generation and for our wider economy. The Government has shown it can take bold protective action in a crisis. It must commit to doing so for the 4 million children already in poverty - including those far below the poverty line - and thousands more who are perilously close to it.”